Jake Smith, a British long-distance runner, says he found himself trapped in a relentless cycle of competition, illness and injury with no clear explanation. Only later did he learn he was living with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) and had been chronically under-fuelling, a condition that can undermine recovery and performance.
REDs occurs when an athlete’s energy intake is insufficient to meet the demands of training and normal physiological function. While the condition has been widely discussed in relation to female athletes, medical professionals increasingly warn that men can also be affected, often with less recognition and support.
The effects of prolonged low energy availability can be broad, ranging from impaired immune function and repeated illnesses to reduced bone density and hormonal disturbances, all of which can increase injury risk and hamper performance. In Smith’s case the pattern of recurrent sickness and setbacks on the track ultimately prompted further investigation and the diagnosis.
Experts and clinicians say there are barriers to diagnosis in male athletes, including stigma and lower awareness among coaches and medical staff. Men may be less likely to report symptoms such as persistent fatigue or changes in mood and libido, and may not be considered at risk for an eating-related energy deficit.
Athletes, coaches and sports medicine specialists are being urged to look beyond stereotypes and to routinely assess nutrition and energy availability as part of injury and illness investigations. Early recognition and tailored nutritional and medical support can be important for recovery and long-term health.
Smith’s experience has become an example cited by those pushing for greater education and screening in endurance sports. His case underlines the point that REDs is not confined to one gender and that better awareness could prevent prolonged periods of poor health and disrupted careers for athletes.