Researchers have found that babies born to mothers who were anaemic during pregnancy tend to have smaller overall brain volumes, with pronounced reductions in regions associated with motor function, learning and the regulation of emotion, according to a new study.
The study’s authors reported that these anatomical differences were first detectable when the children were assessed at around one year of age. They warn that such early brain changes could translate into cognitive and behavioural challenges as children enter the school years.
While the research identifies associations between maternal anaemia and altered brain development in infants, the investigators emphasised that the long-term consequences remain to be fully established. The study suggests a potential pathway by which maternal health during pregnancy might influence later learning, attention and socio-emotional outcomes in children.
The findings add to a growing body of evidence on the importance of prenatal maternal health for child development. The researchers called for further follow-up of the children to determine whether the observed brain differences persist and to assess their relationship with measurable cognitive or educational outcomes.
Health experts said the work underscores the need for continued investigation into maternal nutrition and medical care during pregnancy, and for consideration of public health strategies that support maternal well-being. Additional studies will be needed to guide any changes in clinical practice or policy.